早稲田大学モノグラフ30
Creating Public Value
The Challenge of Localization for Japanese Corprations in China

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CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Contents
Introduction-
Section 1 An Awareness of the Issue
Section 2 The Purpose and Significance of the Study
1 Purpose
2 Significance
Section 3 Methodology
1 Inductive vs Deductive Reasoning
2 A Novel Spin on Comparative Research
Section 4 Outline of the Study
Part I - A Theoretical Approach to the Challenges of Localization for Japanese
Corporations in China
Chapter 1 - The Challenges of Localization for Japanese Corporations in China:
Redefining "Business-Society Relations"
Section 1 Shifting Priorities from the Economy to Society
1 China's Evolution toward a "Harmonious Society"
2 Prioritizing Social Harmony over Economic Construction
Section 2 Growing Demands for Corporate Responsibility
1 The Rise of Corporate Responsibility in China
2 The Role of Corporate Responsibility in Continuous Economic Growth
Section 3 Obstacles to Business Development in China
1 The Deterioration of Japanese Presence in the Chinese Market
2 The Lack of Social Engagement by Japanese Corporations in China
3 Dealing with Corporate Scandals in the Chinese Market
Section 4 Solutions to Business Development in China
1 Obstacles to Doing Business in China
2 The Role of Business-Society Relations
Chapter 2 - Strategic Approaches to Business-Society Relations in China: A Synopsis of
Prior Research
Section 1 Research on Business-Society Relations
1 The Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibilit-
2 The Pursuit of Stakeholder Management
3 The Dilemma of Corporate Social Activities
Section 2 "Social Strategies" for Developing Business-Society Relations
1 Strategic Philanthropy
2 Strategic Sociality
Section 3 Research on Japanese-Style Management and Localization Tactics
1 Japanese-Style Management
2 The Studies on Localization
Section 4 A Critical Assessment
1 Business-Society Relations Theory
2 Japanese-Style Management and Localization Studies
3 Conclusion
Chapter 3 – The Nexus of Strategic Localization and Public Value Creation: Defining
Public Value
Section 1 Localization as a Necessary Approach to Doing Business in China
1 Localization as a Means of Promoting Business-Society Relations in China
2 Defining "Localization"
Section 2 "Publicness" as an Expansion of "Sociality"
1 The Unification of Economic and Social Concerns
2 Finding Balance within the Socio-Economic Equilibrium
Section 3 Coming to an Understanding of Public Value
Section 4 Analytical Framework for Japanese Localization in China
Part II - An Empirical Approach to the Challenges of Localization for Japanese
Corporations in China
Chapter 4 - A Statistical Analysis of the Correlation between Social Activities and
Financial Performance
Section 1 Hypothesis and Methodology
1 Methodology
2 Hypothesis
Section 2 Findings
1 Classification of Corporations
2 Classification of Social Activities
3 Investment in Social Activity
4 Frequency of Social Activity
5 Incentives for Social Engagement
6 Publicizing Social Engagement
Section 3 Analysis and Explanation
1 Correlation between Profitability and Investment in Social Activity
2 Correlation between Growth Potential and Investment in Social Activity
Section 4 Conclusions
Chapter 5 - A Comparative Analysis of Social Engagement Between Japanese and Western
Corporations
Section 1 Concerning the Promotion of Social Activities in China
Section 2 Evaluating the Promotion of Social Activities in China
1 Consistency
2 Ingenuity
3 Employee Participation
Section 3 Promotional Strategies of Western Corporations
1 Microsoft (China)
2 Nokia (China)
Section 4 Implications of Social Engagement for Japanese Corporations
1 Clarify Objectives and Select Suitable Activities
2 Facilitate Social Engagement though Improved Corporate Communication
3 Facilitate Stakeholder Dialogue
Chapter 6 - Identifying Strategies for Public Value Creation: Solutions to Localization for
Japanese Corporations in China
Section 1 The Essential Elements of Public Value Creation
1 Expanding Local Partnerships-
2 Benefiting Business and Society
3 Seeing Long-term
Section 2 Concrete Strategies for Public Value Creation
1 Develop a Local Business Model
2 Redefine the Value Chain
3 Secure Local Management Resources
4 Monitor Public Value Creation
Section 3 Promoting Strategies for Public Value Creation
1 Sony (China): Going to Great Lengths to Promote Social Engagement
2 NEC (China): Redefining the Value Chain
3 Conclusion
Section 4 Remaining Obstacles to Public Value Creation
Conclusion - Implications for Future Research
Section 1 A General Synopsis
1 Analysis of Prior Research
2 Defining "Public Value"
3 Methodology and Results
4 Identifying Strategies for Public Value Creation
Section 2 Theoretical and Practical Implications
1 The Feasibility of Public Value Creation in China
2 Theoretical Implications
3 Practical Implications
Section 3 Current Limitations and Future Challenges
1 Current Limitations
2 Future Challenges
Afterword
Appendix
References
Index
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE A1 Outline of Study
FIGURE A2 Analytical Framework for Public Value Creation
FIGURE A3 The Impact of Social Engagement on Financial Performance
FIGURE A4 Concrete Strategies for Public Value Creation
FIGURE I1 A History of Sino-Japanese Hostility since World War II
FIGURE I2 Comparative Research
FIGURE I3 Outline of Study
FIGURE 11 A Brief History of China's Economic Construction
FIGURE 12 Regional Economic Disparities in China
FIGURE 13 "Scientific Development" in the "Harmonious Society"
FIGURE 14 The Impact of 2007 Legislation on Corporate Activity
FIGURE 15 Evaluation of Multinational Corporations in China
FIGURE 21 The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility
FIGURE 22 The Stakeholder View and the Corporate Core
FIGURE 23 The Corporate "Ripple Effect"
FIGURE 24 The Virtue Matrix of Social Responsibility
FIGURE 25 Local Responsiveness in the IR Framework
FIGURE 26 The Polycentric Orientation in the EPRG Framework
FIGURE 31 A Necessary Approach to Business-Society Relations in China
FIGURE 32 Publicness as an Expanded Notion of Sociality
FIGURE 33 Analytical Framework for Public Value Creation
FIGURE 34 Analytical Framework for the Localization of Japanese Corporations in China
FIGURE 41 Fields of Social Activities
FIGURE 42 Investment in Social Activity
FIGURE 43 Frequency of Social Activity
FIGURE 44 Publicizing Engagement in Social Activities
FIGURE 45 Statistical Correlation between Profitability and Investment in Social Activity
FIGURE 46 Statistical Correlation between Profitability and Frequency of Social Activity
FIGURE 47 Statistical Correlation between Growth Potential and Investment in Social
Activit
FIGURE 48 Statistical Correlation between Growth Potential and Frequency of Social
Activity
FIGURE 49 How Public Value Creation Improves Financial Performance
FIGURE 51 Results of the Guangming Public Benefit Award
FIGURE 52 Clarification of Objectives and Selection of Suitable Activities
FIGURE 53 Promotion of Employee Participation in Social Activities
FIGURE 54 Microsoft (China)'s Social Activity Management Team
FIGURE 55 Nokia (China)'s Social Activity Committee
FIGURE 56 Implications of Social Engagement for Japanese Corporations
FIGURE 61 The Essential Elements of Public Value Creation
FIGURE 62 Concrete Strategies for Public Value Creation
FIGURE C1 Analytical Framework for Public Value Creation
FIGURE C2 The Impact of Social Engagement on Financial Performance
FIGURE C3 The Essential Elements of Public Value Creation
FIGURE C4 Concrete Strategies for Public Value Crea